Image-only labels
Email and Password labels are rendered as images. No DOM text exists.
What's measured on this page
- The form has real
<input> elements — but the labels for them are rendered as SVG images, not as text. There is no <label>, no aria-label, no placeholder, no title.
- The image alt attributes are empty, so screen readers and accessibility-tree-based locators get nothing either.
- The visible "Email", "Password", and "Sign in" strings are pixels — exactly like a CAPTCHA prompt where the question text is itself drawn as an image to defeat scraping.
- A test relying on page.getByLabel, getByText, or getByRole('textbox', { name }) finds nothing semantic to grab.
- A vision-based automation tool reads "Email" off the image via OCR and clicks the input directly below it.
Production apps using this technique
- Bank PIN keypads — Many banks render the numeric PIN entry pad entirely as images, with shuffled digit positions per session, specifically to defeat keyloggers and DOM-based scrapers.Market Standard on most BR + IN retail-bank login flows Users Hundreds of millions of online banking customers (Itaú, Bradesco, HDFC, SBI, ICICI…)
- Older banking and brokerage portals — Banks across Brazil, India, and parts of EU traditionally render account-number labels and field prompts as inline images to make automation harder.Market Common in Tier-1 retail banking back-offices Users Tens of millions of brokerage and treasury-portal users
- Anti-scraping news and listings sites — Some pricing pages and classifieds (real-estate, used-car, recruitment) render key text as images so the prices/details cannot be scraped without OCR.Market Common pattern on regional classifieds + paywalled news Users Reaches millions of property/auto/jobs visitors monthly
- Legacy enterprise CRM and ERP screens — Older Oracle Forms / PeopleSoft / Siebel webifications used static label images bundled with the page. Each release ships a new image set.Market Oracle Apps still ~12% of ERP market; large legacy install base Users Oracle EBS ~70K customers; PeopleSoft ~6K; Siebel ~4K — each touches large internal user bases
- CAPTCHA prompt text itself — Many CAPTCHA implementations render even the instruction ("Click on the bicycles") as an image, not as DOM text, to prevent scripts from reading the prompt.Market reCAPTCHA ~60% of CAPTCHA market; hCaptcha + Turnstile growing fast Users reCAPTCHA on 13M+ websites; hCaptcha protects ~250K+ sites
Figures are approximate / company-disclosed (~2024–2025). Sources: company filings, industry reports (Gartner, IDC, BuiltWith, npm stats), and public DAU disclosures.